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Entropia Universe is a massively multiplayer online (MMORPG) virtual universe designed by the Swedish software company MindArk, based in Gothenburg.

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Entropia Universe
Former logo
Developer(s)	MindArk
Publisher(s)	MindArk
Designer(s)	Multiple
Engine	CryEngine 2
Platform(s)	Microsoft Windows
Release	January 30, 2003
Genre(s)	Massively multiplayer online role-playing game, first-person shooter
Mode(s)	Online multiplayer

Entropia uses a micropayment business model, in which players may buy in-game currency (PED - Project Entropia Dollars) with real money that can be redeemed back into U.S. dollars at a fixed exchange rate of 10:1. This means that virtual items acquired within Entropia Universe have a real cash value, and a participant may, at any time, initiate a withdrawal of their accumulated PED back into U.S. dollars according to the fixed exchange rate, minus transaction fees; the minimum amount for a withdrawal is 1,000 PED. The Entropia Universe is a direct continuation of Project Entropia.

Entropia Universe entered the Guinness World Records Book in both 2004 and 2008 for the most expensive virtual world objects ever sold. In 2009, a virtual space station, a popular destination, sold for $330,000.[1] This was then eclipsed in November 2010 when Jon Jacobs sold a club named "Club Neverdie" for $635,000; this property was sold in chunks, with the largest sold for $335,000.[2][3] The game has been described as dedicated to capitalism rather than quality of gameplay, and connecting the in-game labor with real world profits; in which sense it can be seen as a spiritual precursor to the play to earn model.[4]

Entropia Universe economy

Entropia Universe's in-game currency is the Project Entropia Dollar (PED), which can be purchased for real cash at a fixed rate. US$1 buys 10 PED, and PED can then be converted back to cash in some circumstances.

PED is used to purchase items in the game, such as equipment, clothing, and property.

MindArk charges a 1% fee on withdrawals, and the minimum withdrawal is 1,000 PED (US$100).[5]

Gameplay

The game can be played for free, but spending money on the in-game currency allows significant additional options like purchasing items, skills, deeds/shares, and services from other players.

Nearly all of the main in-game activities (such as hunting, crafting items, mining, etc.), require expendable resources (ammunition, probes, guns, finders, extractors), which must be purchased from vending machines (or other players). These items are either expendable, single use, or decay and require repair. Items can be crafted for use or for sale to other players.

Each player is only allowed one character. Having more than one could cause a player to be banned from the game, losing access to any funds they have spent in the game.^{[citation needed]}

Planets

Entropia Universe (then Project Entropia) was released in 2003 with one planet, named "Calypso".

Starting in 2010, additional planets have been released by MindArk through partnerships with other companies. A second music-themed planet was opened on April 6, 2010, called "ROCKtropia", which is owned and developed by Neverdie Studios. In total there are six planets with different themes. While not a planet, space is a separate area in the Entropia Universe, connecting all planets. Space is developed and managed by MindArk.^{[citation needed]}

Development

In 1995, development of Entropia Universe (formerly Project Entropia) was started by two different groups - one in Sweden headed by Jan Welter Timkrans and one in Switzerland, headed by Benny Iggland. Initially taking place on the fictional Planet Calypso, the 2001 version used the NetImmerse 4 game engine. On May 20, 2002, the Commercial Open Trial began,[6] and the game was available to the public. With Version Update 4.2 on 28 January 2003, the game was considered "Gold".

Some important additions to the game since release have been:

4.2	28 January 2003	Personal storage system
5.3	24 November 2003	Housing system, space travel
5.6	5 April 2004	Mentor & Disciple system
5.7	1 June 2004	Crystal Palace Space Station
6.0	10 August 2004	New graphics engine (GameBryo)
6.1	6 October 2004	Amethera continent, Landgrabs
7.3	4 May 2005	Land Area Management, Auction Procurement Orders
7.5	1 July 2005	New avatar creation process, Beauty Professions
7.8	23 November 2005	Animal Taming
8.0	19 December 2005	Asteroid Space Resort
8.8	18 December 2006	Shopping Malls

In August, 2009, Version 10.0 was released, using CryEngine 2 from Crytek. With the new engine, almost everything in the game required changes, including the overall land maps. This change was retconned into the storyline as attacking robots crashing their large spaceship into the planet, changing the land. There were some systems (like pets taming) that were disabled right after the implementation of the CryEngine; some of these were returned after a few weeks, whereas some took months or even years. There are still systems that were in place before CryEngine that have not yet returned as of August 2014.

11.0.0	6 April 2010	New Planet (ROCKtropia)
11.2.0	21 June 2010	Vehicles
11.3.0	28 September 2010	Voice chat system
11.5.1	8 December 2010	New Planet (Next Island)
11.10.2	25 May 2011	New Planet (Planet Arkadia)
12.0	21 June 2011	Space
12.6.0	1 May 2012	New Planet (Planet Cyrene)
12.9	10 Dec 2012	VirtualTycoon mobile app released for Android devices
15.0	15 Oct 2014	Taming & Pets (Reintroduced)
15.3	15 June 2015	Mission Galactica  / Harvesting
15.10	4 October 2016	Gardening System
15.15	20 June 2017	Loot 2.0

Significant events and virtual property sales

This section is in list format but may read better as prose. (November 2021)

• December 14, 2004 – Game creators MindArk announced the conclusion of the first "Treasure Island Sale", a virtual island put up for auction. The winning bidder, Zachurm "Deathifier" Emegen, paid 265,000 PED (US$26,500) for the island. At the time, this was the highest price ever paid for a virtual item. According to the press release, it is "a large island off a newly discovered continent surrounded by deep creature infested waters. The island boasts beautiful beaches ripe for developing beachfront property, an old volcano with rumors of fierce creatures within, the outback is overrun with mutants, and an area with a high concentration of robotic miners guarded by heavily armed assault robots indicates interesting mining opportunities."[7]
• October 24, 2005 – A virtual "asteroid space resort" was bought by Jon "Neverdie" Jacobs for a sum of 1,000,000 PED (US$100,000), surpassing the sale of Treasure Island. Jon Jacobs is also the writer and producer of a song titled Gamer Chick, which is played within the Entropia Universe. The asteroid was named Club NEVERDIE after Jacobs's own in-game avatar and has made headlines around the world, for the price of the purchase, as well as Jacobs' ambitious plans to turn the resort into a venue for "Live Entertainment in Virtual Reality".[8]
• November 9, 2005 – The BBC reported that "Deathifier" had recouped his investment in under a year. He made money by selling virtual homes as well as taxing other gamers to hunt or mine on the island. "The money made to date is only a taste of what can be achieved with my virtual island purchase," said Deathifier.[9]
• May 2, 2006 – MindArk announced the introduction of an ATM card enabling players to withdraw the real-world currency equivalent of their PED funds directly from any Versatel ATM. It was stated that $165 million had "passed through the game" in 2005 and that this figure was expected to double in 2006.[10]
• Mike Everest, a home-schooled high school senior from Durango, Colorado, along with his mother, earned $35,000 in 2006 by constructing and selling weapons in Entropia. Everest spent an average of three hours per day playing the game and intended to continue playing to fund his college education.[11]
• October 17, 2006 – MindArk announced that Entropia Universe had reached 500,000 registered users.[12]
• May 8, 2007 – MindArk announced the results of a "virtual banking license auction". These two-year exclusive licenses aimed to integrate real world banking systems into Entropia Universe, working similarly to real-world banks or pawn shops.[13] Initially, they would be provided with secure systems enabling them to lend money and collect interest, design and name their own virtual bank building(s), and make their own personnel available through avatars. Each winner would be required to add a further US$100,000 as working capital.[14] After months of bidding, the six licenses sold for a total of US$404,000.[15]

Media

Entropia Universe - Fan magazine

The Gate

2002	The Gate #1, October 2002	The Gate #2, November 2002	The Gate #3, December 2002
2003	The Gate#4, February 2003	The Gate #5, March 2003	The Gate #6, April 2003	The Gate #7, May 2003

The Calypso Independence

2005	The Calypso Independence 1, September 2005	The Calypso Independence 2, November 2005	The Calypso Independence 3, December 2005
2006	The Calypso Independence 4, January 2006	The Calypso May 5, September 2006	The Calypso August 6, September 2006

References

External links

• Official website

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